Mykhailo Verikivskyiʼs “Five Pieces For String Quartet on Folk Themes”: Principles of Folklore Processing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2022.134.269612Keywords:
Mykhailo Verykivskyiʼs creativity, Boleslav Yavorskyiʼs composer school, composer and folklore, Ukrainian quartet music, instrumental folk composition, folk suite, folk quartetAbstract
Relevance of research. The introduction to the musicological using of the manuscript of M. Verikyvskyi's early work, which was previously only briefly mentioned in the literature, is connected with the current scientific trend of studying little-known pages of the history of Ukrainian music of the era of national liberation struggles of the 20th century. The return of the forgotten artefact of the composer's heritage is intended to contribute to the establishment of more complete and objective picture of the development of genres, stylistic trends, individual authorial style, etc.
The purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to explore the principles of processing folklore in the M. Verikyvskyʼs cycle "Five pieces for a string quartet on folk themes" in the genrestylistic aspect, to find out the extent of the influence of theoretical views and didactic instructions of B. Yavorskyi on the writing of the work, to outline the meaning of the composition in the context of the evolution of the author's creativity and directions development of Ukrainian quartet music of the 20th century.
Methods. The article uses source, genre and style studies, structural and intonationalconstructive methods of analysis of musical work.
The results and conclusions. The composer's notes in the margins of the manuscript are commented in the context of the artist's creative life (1921), social-political and aesthetic-artistic trends of the era, communication with the teacher of composition. The stylistic features of neofolklorism were revealed in the work: appeal to folk archaic and principles of folklore thinking, combination of folk elements with technical and compositional means of the modernist era, subjugation of the folklore theme to an individual artistic idea. The influence of the theoretical and didactic instructions of B. Yavorskyi, M. Verikyvskyiʼs teacher at the Kyiv Conservatory, can be observed on two levels: 1) general aesthetic views on the use of folklore in the composer's work, 2) specific compositional and stylistic techniques in the plane of lado-harmonic processes (the role of the tritone, constructive and modal continuous exposition), dynamization of the metrorhythm, texture, formation. In the composer's creativity, this work initiates the genre of instrumental folklore composition, prepares the appearance of large-scale neo-folkloric compositions (oratorio, symphonic uite, ballet, opera), tests for the first time the model of the five-part suite cycle, built on the principles of contrast, symmetry and concentricity. In Ukrainian quartet music, this opus is located near the origins of the folklore line of development of the genres of piece (folk miniature) and suite.
References
Antropova, T. O. (2010). Postat B. Yavorskoho u konteksti kulturotvorchykh protsesiv v Ukrainy 10–20-kh rokiv ХХ stolittia [The figure of B. Yavorsky in the context of cultural development processes in Ukraine in the 10–20th years of the twentieth century]. Manuscript of Dissertation work for gaining the degree of the Candidate of Art Criticism by specialty 17.00.03 Music Art. Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine. Kyiv, 279 p. [in Ukrainian].
Afanasiev, Yu. L., Dzhura, O. F. (2009). Profesiina pidhotovka muzykanta: uroky Boleslava Yavorskoho [Professional training of a musician: the lessons of Boleslav Yavorskyi]. Kyiv: DAKKKiM, 127 p. [in Ukrainian].
Borovyk, M. K. (1968). Ukrainskyi radianskyi kamerno-instrumentalnyi ansambl [Ukrainian Soviet chamber and instrumental ensemble]. Kyiv: Muzychna Ukraina, 207 p. [in Ukrainian].
Valchuk, O. (2003). Narodnomuzychna stylistyka v kompozytorskii tvorchosti Mykhaila Verykivskoho [Folk music stylistics in the Mykhailo Verikyvskyiʼs composition work]. In:. Naukovi zapysky Ternopilskoho derzh. ped. un-tu im. V. Hnatiuka [The Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University]. Issue 2 (11). pp. 78–81. [in Ukrainian].
Verevka, H. H. (1972). Yavorskyi-pedahoh [Yavorsky as the teacher]. In: B. Javorskij. Stat'i, vospominanija, perepiska [B. Yavorsky. Articles, memoirs, correspondence]. ed. by I. S. Rabinovich. Moskva: Sovetskii kompozitor, Vol. 1. pp. 110–114. [in Russian].
Verykivskyi, M. (1921). Piat pies pro strunnyi kvartet na narodni temy [Five pieces for string quartet on folk themes] : manuscript. In: Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv-muzei literatury i mystetstva Ukrainy [Central State Archive-Museum of Literature and Art of Ukraine]. F. 1250. Op. 1. C. 374. 13 p. [in Ukrainian].
Herasymova-Persydska, N. O. (1959). M. I. Verykivskyi : narys pro zhyttia i tvorchist [M. I. Verikyvskyi: an essay on life and creativity]. Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo obrazotvorchoho mystetstva i muzychnoi literatury URSR, 96 p. [in Ukrainian].
Hordiichuk, M. M. (1969). Ukrainska radianska symfonichna muzyka [Ukrainian Soviet symphonic music]. Kyiv: Muzychna Ukraina, 304 p. [in Ukrainian].
Hrinchenko, M. O. (1959). M. D. Leontovych [M. D. Leontovych]. In: M. O. Hrinchenko. Vybrane [M. O. Grinchenko. Selected]. Kyiv: Derzhavne vydavnytstvo obrazotvorchoho mystetstva i muzychnoi literatury URSR, pp. 466–489. [in Ukrainian].
Hrinchenko, M. O. (1925). Muzychni syluety. M. I. Verykivskyi [Musical silhouettes. M. I. Verikyvskyi]. In: Music [Muzyka]. Part 2. pp. 82–87. [in Ukrainian].
Davydova, O. M. (2014). Mykhailo Verykivskyi: poshuk shliakhu [Mykhailo Verykivskyi: searching for a way]. In: Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoi muzychnoi akademii Ukrainy im. P. I. Chaikovskoho. Issue. 112: Kompozytory i muzykoznavtsi Kyivskoi konservatorii (1913–1922 roky) [Scientific Herald of the National Music Academy of Ukraine named after P. I. Tchaikovsky. Vol. 112: Composers and musicologists of the Kyiv Conservatory (1913–1922)]. Kyiv, pp. 66–72. [in Ukrainian].
Zharkov, A. N. (1991). Cikl «Chetyre romansa» F. Kozickogo v kontekste teoreticheskih vozzrenij B. Javorskogo [The cycle "Four Romances" by F. Kozitsky in the context of the theoretical views of B. Yavorsky]. In: Voprosy analiza vokal'noj muzyki [Questions of analysis of vocal music]. Kyiv, pp. 139–153. [in Russian].
Kalenychenko, A. P. (1992). Chamber and instrumental ensembles [Kamernoinstrumentalni ansambli]. In: Istoriia ukrainskoi muzyky u 6 t. [History of Ukrainian music in 6 vol.]. Vol. 4: 1917–1941, ed. by L. O. Parkhomenko. Kyiv, pp. 265–286. [in Ukrainian].
Karmazin, A. O. (2021). Natsionalna istoriia v mystetskykh obrazakh yak sutnist kompozytorskoi tvorchosti Mykhaila Verykivskoho [National history in artistic images as the essence of the Mykhailo Verikyvskyiʼs composer's creativity] : the author’s dissertation abstract for gaining the degree of the Candidate of Art Criticism by specialty 17.00.03 Music Art / Sumy state pedagogical universitet after A. S. Makarenko. Sumy, 20 p [in Ukrainian].
Kvitka K. (ed.) (1917). Narodni melodii. Z holosu Lesi Ukrainky [Folk melodies. From the Lesya Ukrainkaʼs voice]. Kyiv: [b.v.], 229 p. [in Ukrainian].
Dei, O. I. and Humeniuk, A. I. (eds.) (1965). Koliadky i shchedrivky. Zymova obriadova poeziia trudovoho roku [Carols. Winter ritual poetry of the working year]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 804 p. Available at: https://cutt.ly/UZVx817 (accessing: 30.04.2022). [in Ukrainian].
Leontovych M. D. (1947). Notatky z shchodennyka vid 22.03.1919 [Notes from the diary of March 22, 1919]. In: M. D. Leontovych : zb. st. i materialiv [M. D. Leontovych: coll. of art. and materials]/ ed. by V. D. Dovzhenko / Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology. Kyiv, p. 49. [in Ukrainian].
Protopopov, S. V. (1947). Spohady pro M. D. Leontovycha [Memories of M. D. Leontovich]. In: M. D. Leontovych : zb. st. i materialiv [M. D. Leontovych: coll. of art. and materials] / ed. by V. D. Dovzhenko / AN URSR, In-t mystetstvoznavstva, folkloru ta etnolohii. Kyiv, pp. 38–45. [in Ukrainian].
Tkachenko, I. Sanitarnyi stan ta borotba z epidemiiamy v radianskii Ukraini. 1920-ti rr. [Sanitary conditions and the fight against epidemics in Soviet Ukraine. 1920s]. Available at: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/12584/21-Tkachenko.pdf. (accessing: 15.04.2022) [in Ukrainian].
Filts, B. M. (1992).Obrobky narodnykh pisen dlia khoru [Arrangements of folk songs for the choir]. In: Istoriia ukrainskoi muzyky u 6 t. [History of Ukrainian music in 6 vol.]. Vol. 4: 1917–1941, ed. by L. O. Parkhomenko. Kyiv, pp.78–104. [in Ukrainian].
Shurova, N. S. (1972). Mykhailo Verykivskyi [Mykhailo Verikyvskyi]. Kyiv : Muzychna Ukraina, 52 p. [in Ukrainian].
Shtuchnyi masovyi holod [Artificial mass starvation]. Available at: https://holodomorinstitute.org.ua/1921-1923/ (accessing:15.04.2022) [in Ukrainian].
Iavorskyi, B. L. (1947). Lyst do G. G. Veryovky vid 2 sichnia 1938 roku [Letter to G. G. Veryovka dated January 2, 1938]. In: M. D. Leontovych : zb. st. i materialiv [M. D. Leontovych: coll. of art. and materials] / ed. by V. D. Dovzhenko / Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology. Kyiv, pp. 46–48. [in Ukrainian].
Javorskij, B. L. (1972). Pis'mo I. I. Kryzhanovskomu ot 16.01.1910 [Letter to I. I. Kryzhanovsky dated 01.16. 1910]. In: B. Javorskij. Stat'i, vospominanija, perepiska [B. Yavorsky. Articles, memoirs, correspondence]. ed. by I. S. Rabinovich. Moskva: Sovetskii kompozitor, Vol. 1. pp. 270–271. [in Russian].
Javorskij, B. L. (1908). Stroenie muzykal'noj rechi. Materialy i zametki [The structure of musical speech. Materials and notes]. Part 1–3. Moskva: Jurgenson, 24 p. [in Russian].
Javorskij, B. L. (1913). Uprazhnenija v golosovedenii [Voice-leading exercises]. Moskva: Jurgenson, 26 p. [in Russian].
Javorskij, B. L. (1928). Uprazhnenija v obrazovanii shem ladovogo ritma. [Exercises in the formation of modal rhythm schemes.]. Part 1. 2nd ed. Moskva: Gos. izd-vo Muz. sektor, 57 p. [in Russian].
Iakubiak, Ya. V. (2003). Mykola Lysenko i Stanislav Liudkevych [Mykola Lysenko and Stanislav Lyudkevych]. Lviv: DVTs NTSh, 264 p. [in Ukrainian].
Ewell, Ph. (2019). On the Russian concept of Lād, 1830–1945. In: Music Theory Online. Vol. 25. № 4. Available at: https://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.19.25.4/mto.19.25.4.ewell.html (accessing: 15.04.2022). DOI: 10.30535/MTO.25.4.4 [in English].
